Steam boilee



(N6 Model.) 4 Shee's-Sheet 1.

V. W. BLANCHARD.

STEAM BOILBR.

Patented Deo. 1l, 1883.

No. 289,962.v

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4 sheets- Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

Patented Dec. 11, 1883.4

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l4. Sheets-Sheet 3.

ANO Moda.) 4

- V. W. BLANCHARD.

. STEAM BOILER. No. 289,962.

`Pei/sented Deo. 11, A883.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

v. W. BLANCHARD.

v STEAM BOILBR.

No. 289,962. PatentedDeo. 11,1883.

N4 PUERS. FhulLilhagmplwr. wami nnnnnnn A C UNrTi-en STATES lnTnNT YIRGIL XV. BLANCHARD, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICAION fern-.ing part of Letters Patent No. 89,962, dated December 11, 1883,

Application filed .Iunuarv if), i583. (No model.)

To all wwn'z/ il: 'nlm/U concern.:

Be it known that I, V'IRGIL XV. BLANCHARD, of New York city, in the county ot' New York and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare that4 the following is ai'ull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters ofreferenceinarked thereon, which i'orm part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a vertical diametrical section through a steam-boiler of my in'1prove(`il` construction, showing my improved superheater applied to it, which forms the subject of an-` other application iiled January 2, 1883. Fig. 2 is a horizontal view, in detail, of the well, showing portions of the steamLand water pipes connected thereto, and also the several vertical pipes which are connected to the internal pipes of the horizontal steam-pipes. Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-section of one ot' the superheating-pipes and its internal heat-radiating ilanges. Fig. et is a vertical diametrical section of the superheater. Fig. 5 isatransverse vertical section of the same. Fig. 6 is avertical section, illustrating mechanical means for causing a positive circulation of the water from. and to the dome of a steam-generator; and Fig. 7 is a view of one form of pump or propeller which may be used to create a circulation of water.

The main object of this invention is to construct a steam-boiler in which there shall`be a constant circulation of the water contained therein, in combination with a steam circulation, the boiler and its several parts being so constructed that there will be no interference between the water circulation and the steam circulation, as will be fully described and set siderable in tolnl volume, is yet so distributed and circulated in thin streams that the best results are obtained in the production of steam.

It is well known that a free circulation under a given heat produces the best-results in the carrying off' of steam into a steam space, dome, or chamber, 'from which it can be drawn for practical use by means ot' athrot'tle-valve, cock, or other device. Now, the main object of my invention is to create such a free circulation in a steam-generator that the water shall be in constant circulation and ebullition and the vapor or steam shall be given off without interruption, and shall have a free exit into the steam-space above the water-line.

A designates the outer shell oi' my furnace,

iron, and ithas an inlet, B, leading from the y furnace proper, through which the flame and other products ot' combustion pass forthe purpose ofheatingthe water-pipes and producing steam therein.

At the end ol the furnace-chamber A opposite the i'lueB is an outlet iiue, pipe. or chimney, A', which is the common uptake ot' the furnace-chamber A.

YVithin the outersh'ell, A. isa well, C, which is composed of horizontal. sections of cast metal (iron being preferred) ot' the dat ellipsoidal form shown in Fig. 2. rlhis well-wall is braced by a bar, c, cast or otherwise applied across the center of it, as shown in Fig. 2. These sections are cast ot' a suitable height and thickness, and the abutting edges are these holes are screwed the nipples or couplings D, into which are screwed the length ot' pipes E, which are closed by suitable caps at their outer ends, as shown inFig. l. The inroo at the bottom and closed at the top, and they are provided with smaller branch pipes ff,

l able to secure a verylarge amount of heatingsurface in a comparatively small space.

To the top of the well is bolted by a ground `ioint and suitable bolts (or it may be secured by rivets) a steam-dome, G'. This domeis connected at one end by a pipe, G, which passes down through the shell A and communicates with the bottom of the well, as shown in Fig. l.

The well C and part of the dome G are filled with water, and, a iire being started in the i'urnace, the products of combustion entering the shell A at B follow the course of the arrows already described, and the water, filling the pipes and well, is spread in such thin streams over such a large heating-surface that steam is generated very quickly. IV hen the water begins to boil, a circulationis started from the dome through the pipe G into the lower end of the well. There it enters the lower ends of the pipes F below a horizontal partition,

, C2, and passes out into the small pipes f, and

out of these pipes to the outer ends ot' the pipes E, when it returns to the well C, and thence passes up into the dome again. It will vthus be seen that I amable to maintain a constant circulation of the water through pipes having a large heating-suriace.

From the top of the steam-dome passes a steam-pipe, g, which is connected by movable or hinged joints y to the superheater H, located in the neck B, where the products ot' combustion., fresh from the furnace proper, enter the interior ofthe shell A. This superheater is constructed as i'ollows: h h represent two horizontal east heads, which are connected by pipe-sections h2, forming a coil, through which the steam passes from the pipe g, and escapes to the engine through a pipe, g2. rlhe cast heads are cored out, so as to leave steam-channels fi, that form communications between the ends ofthe pipes L" and the steam inlet and outlet pipes g g2. rlhe pipes h2 screw into the lower head h; but their upper ends enter the casting 71 and are provided with screw-collars and copper washers j, as shown in Fig. 5.

In order to secure as much heat-conducting surface as possible in iny superheater, I provide the interior of the pipeshz with short sections lf, of sheet-copper, but in the form of tubes and` iianges, as shown in the enlarged cross-section, Fig. 3, and so adjusted as to touch the sides ot' the pipes h2, to touch each other, and also to impinge against steel rods It, that are used for securely tying the heads and tubes of the superheater together.

The above-described feature will be found more fully set forth in a patent bearing date even with this, the application for which was filed January 2 1883, Serial No. 80,685. The heat is so intense in the position oecupied by the superheater that when the engine is stopped and there is no circ-ulation through it it .is necessary to remove it from exposure to the heated products of combustion passing through the neck B. To do this I make the heads 7i h of equal size, so that one will iill the space of the other through the shell A, and to the upper head, 71 I apply a light frame, J, which is suitably guided. rIhe xed standards of the frame J rise from the top of the neck'B of shell A, and secured to the center ot' the upper head, 71, is a vertical rack, J', the teeth of which engage with a pinion, e, keyed on a horizontal rod, e, which is journaledin the upper ends of the, frame J. the rod c" is keyed a bevel spur-wheel, which engages-with a corresponding wheel keyed on the upper end of a vertical rod, j", journaled in brackets on the side ofthe neck B, and provided at its lower end with a pinion bevel- (Shown in Fig. 3.) On one end oi' gear that meshes with another bevelgear having a crank-handle applied to it. By turning the crank-handle` the superheater may be raised out ofthe nue-space B, and the head 7L caused The lto iill the space occupied by the head l1'. superheater can be lowered into the flue-space at pleasure. I thus avoid all danger to the superheater from intense heat when steam is not circulating through it.

I shall now describe the figures represented on Sheet 4. The shell A, the steam-dome G, and the'well, with its system of co1nmunieating pipes, may all be constructed as I have above described, but for the purpose of more iully explaining what follows I will recapitulate. rlhe well C is constructed with an apartnient at its lower end, formed by the horizontal partition C, with which apartment the lower IOO IIO

open extremities of the vertical pipes Fin said 4 well-communicate at a suitable point. In the course of the pipe G, I apply a forcing-engine or propeller, G5, which is inclosed in a case and rotated by means of pulleys and a belt driven from the engine or other prime motor.

It will be observed that the pipe G enters the case or shell of the propeller in front and leaves it at the rear, so that when the propeller is in motion a current of water will be forcibly drawn from the domeG and impelled into the well C-at its lower end, and from thence forced up through the vertical tubes F, through the horizontal tubes f, and caused to return through the inclosing-pipes E to the well again.

It will be clearly seen, by reference to Fig. 7, that when the propeller or forcing-engine is at rest a current or' water may freely` pass loetween its blades or wings from the dome G into the apartment at the lower end of the well C, and from thence up the vertical tubes F, as above described. rlhe intense heat resulting from the rapid combustion thereof seance li makes it necessary to have the most rapid circulation ofwater in those parts `of V the generator which are directly exposed to said heat, and this is effected in a most perfect manner by means of the propeller-pump, as above specified.

I do not confine myself to the precise form or construction of pump herein described,- as any forcing-engine may be adopted which will produce the result speciiied-to wit, a rapid circulation or rotation of the water in the boiler, and a consequent rapid generation of steam. I however prefer to adopt the radial feathered blade propeller l, (Shown in Fig. 5.)

I would be understood to describe the partition G, the apartment at its base, and the forcing-engine, not as indispensable elements to the invention, but as very valuable auxiliaries when' the heating-tubes of the boiler are eX- posed to a very intense heat from the combustion of fuel, as they are by a rapid circulation of water in a steam-boiler, which injurious effects to the hre-exposed heating-surfaces are prevented.

I have above described my improved superheater in connection with my improved steamboiler for the purpose of showing a complete steam-generator; but I do not claim, under this application, the superheater, as it formsr the subject of a separate application for Letters Patent, filed January 2, 1883.

I would remark thus, though I prefer in practice to construct the well C of sections of cast metal in the manner heretofore already set forth, still it may be constructed of sheet metal adapted for boiler-making, properly riveted and braced by stay-bolts. I would be understood to embrace this method of construction when it may be deemed desirable in practice.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A steam-boiler consisting of a series of horizontal. pipes closed at their outer ends, and opening at their inner end into a well, which extends transversely across the combustion-chamber, which is closed at its lower end and opens at its upper end into a steamdome, in combination with a pipe leading from the water-space of the said dome into the said well, a series of vertical pipes open at their lower ends and closed at their upper ends, and arranged in the well and communicating with the pipes applied in the said horizontal pipes, and a suitable furnace-chamber, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

2; In combination with the inclosing furnace-shell, the vertical water-heating well, the vertical pipes F, open at their lower ends and closed attheirupper ends, the partition C, which .extends transversely across the combustionchamber, the horizontal pipes, the pipe G',

and the steam-dome communicating with this well, and the verticalypartitions a, arranged in said furnace-shell, all adapted to operate substantially as described.

3. The combinationof the elongated well C, pipes communicating therewith, closed at their outer ends, pipes `arranged in this well and having branch pipes radiating from them, a steam-deine, and a pipe leading` from this dome to the bottom of the said well, all adapted to operate substantiallylin `the manner and for the purposes described.

4. In a steam-boiler, a deep well extending transversely across the combustioli-chamber, closed at its lower end and opening` at its upper into a steam-dome, pipes ld, radiating from this well, closed at their outer ends, a series of vertical pipes, F, closed only at their upper ends, and a series of horizontal pipes arranged in pipes E, open at their outer ends and opening at their inner ends into pipes F, allconstructed and adapted to operate substantially 5. ,The combination of the vertical well eX- tending across the combustion-chamber, and provided with vertical pipes closed at top andl open at bottom, the horizontal branch pipes, the partition C, pipe G, a steam-dome, and a nue-space beneath said well, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

6. The boiler-furnace constructed with a narrow iiue, B, leading through its crown at one end, in combination with a deep well having a 1luespace beneath it, and the alternating partitions a., forming a zigzag flue leading to the chimney, all arranged to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

7n The combination of the deep well extended transversely across the combustionchamber, the inclosing furnace-wall, the steamdome, and a pipe leading from said dome through the furnaceshell,and communicating with the deep well at or near its bottom, substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

8. The combination, with a steam-generator constructed substantially as described, and a steam-dome communicating with a deep well, of a shell, A, having a contracted inletflue and a superheater applied in this flue, and communicating with the said steam-dome, all adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

9. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a well, C, which extends transversely across .the combustion-chamber, and composed of sections in the form of rings, pipes F, closed at top and open at bottom, the horizontal pipes E, the pipes f, inclosed therein, and the fluechannel, substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

10. rlhe combination of the well extending across a combustion -chamber, with waterchannels closed at the top and open at the in the manner and for the purposes described.

IOO

IIO

bottom, and a diaphragm located near the bottom of this Well, and a Hue-space below, substantially as described.

11. The combination, with the Well cX- tended transversely across the combustionchamber,and provided with radiating outflow and return pipes, vertical pipes F, closed at top and open at bottom, the steam-dome, the pipe G, leading from the dome into the said Well below a diaphragm, C, and a forcing-engine, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

12. The combination ofthe partition C2, the deep well extended transversely across the combustion-chamber, the return-pipe G', a propeller or forcing-engine, G3, the vertical pipes F, the horizontal pipes E, and the inclosed heating-tubesf, all adapted to operate conjointly substantially as described.

13. 4The combination of a combustion-chamf ber, A, a vertical Well extending across the same, but terminating` above the bottom thereof, a steam-dome communicating with the top of said Well, a pipe, G, forming a communication between the bottom of the well and the said dome, and a forcing-engine, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

14. The combination of the combustionchamber, the Well and pipes arranged therein, the contracted inlet-flue B, and a vertical movable steam-superheater therein, flexibly connected by a pipe with the steam-dome, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I aiX my signature in presence of tWo Witnesses.

VIRGIL WV. BLANCHARD.

vWitnesses:

HENRY P. LIssoN, GEORGE F. WoNsoN. 

